Investigations have shown sodium hypochlorite to be an effective disinfectant having broad applications. Although a number of other disinfectants (calcium hypochlorite, ozone, UV, solar disinfection) and treatment processes (filters, slow sand filtration) have been investigated, sodium hypochlorite appears to offer the best mix of low cost, ease of use, safety, and effectiveness in areas where there is enough water to drink and water is not excessively turbid. These characteristics are the reasons why most water treatment systems in the US and Europe have been using chlorine for disinfecting drinking water for nearly 100 years. The other disinfection methods noted above also effectively disinfect water and are useful in a number of settings.
Technical Bulletin
Specification for Sodium Hypochlorite Used:
For Potable Water Supply
GENERAL:
This specification is applicable to Sodium Hypochlorite Used For Potable Water Supply accordingly to Spesifikasi JKR 20200-0138-02, JKR Standard Specification For Sodium Hypochlorite Used For Potable Water Supply.Features required for this specification are as follows or otherwise the above specification will be applied.
FEATURES REQUIRED:
Sodium Hypochlorite Used for Potable Water Supply shall comply with requirement as specified in Table 1 – Product Specification.
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Table 1 – Product Specification Parameter |
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A. Chemical Requirement |
Type I |
Test Method |
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Available chlorine, % (w/w), at the time of delivery |
8-16 |
AWWA B300-99 |
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B. Impurities |
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Insoluble matter, %(w/w) |
0.15 max |
AWWA B300-99 |
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Total free alkali, as NaOH, %(w/w) |
1.5 max |
AWWA B300-99 |
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Sodium Chlorite, as NaCIO3, %(w/w of product available chlorine at the time of delivery) |
5.4 max |
EN901: 2000 |
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C. Toxic Substances |
Max Limit |
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Arsenic (As), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
5 |
EN901: 2000 |
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Cadmium (Cd), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
5 |
EN901: 2000 |
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Chromium (Cr), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
5 |
EN901 & ISO9174 |
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Mercury (Hg), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
5 |
EN901 & ISO5666-1 |
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Nickel (Ni), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
10 |
EN901: 2000 |
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Lead (Pb), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
15 |
EN901: 2000 |
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Antimony (Sb), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
25 |
EN901: 2000 |
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Selenium (Se), as mg/kg of available chlorine |
25 |
EN901: 2000 |
Physical Properties of Sodium Hypochlorite are as follows:
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No. |
Physical Properties |
Descriptions |
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1. |
Appearance |
i. Clear |
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2. |
Solubility |
i. Soluble |
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3. |
Density |
i. 1.13 – 1.28g/ml at 20°C |
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4. |
Vapour Pressure |
i. 2.5kPa at 20°C |
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5. |
Crystallization & Freezing Point |
i. Freezing at –17°C |
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6. |
Specific Heat |
i. 3.84kJ/(kg. K) for a solution with an available active chlorine concentration of between 15-15%(w/w) |
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7. |
Viscosity |
i. 2.6mPa.s at 20°C |
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8. |
Chemical Properties |
i. An alkaline solution |
Chloride content of 10-16% (w/w) of available chlorine.Sodium Hypochlorite supplied shall not contain any impurities and additives.
TEST AND INSPECTION:
All Sodium Hypochlorite shall comply with test in accordance with the requirement of specification.
PACKING AND STORAGE :
Sodium Hypochlorite shall be delivered in plastic drum or tanker.For storage purposes, Sodium Hypochlorite shall be protected against light, particularly direct sunlight, cool room in containers made from suitable plastics material or metal with internal rubber lined or plastic coated.
MANDATORY MARKING:
Each bag of Sodium Hypochlorite shall have mark legibly on it including: –
“sodium hypochlorite”, trade name and grade/type;
Net weight;
Name, address and telephone number or supplier and/or manufacturer;
Batch number;
Date of manufacturing / packaging and shall bear such other marking as required by applicable laws;
TRANSPORTATION AND LABELLING:
The product shall be catagorised under the following transportation guideline and labelling ;
RID : class 8, n°, 61c;
ADR : class 8;
IMO-IMDG : class 8, UN No 1791;
IATA : class 8, UN No 1791.
PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION AND EVALUATION:
It is the responsibility of the tenderer to inform SAJH for inspection purposes during manufacturing and before delivery.SAJH reserve the right to inspect and witness the testing of the product offered without any prior notice.At any time, when requested, the supplier is to provide SAJH a sample of the product offered for evaluation purposes. All cost shall be borne by the supplier.If at any time, the supplier fails to deliver the required sample, the product is deemed fail to meet the specification.
CERTIFICATION:
Manufacturer and/or supplier of the product are required to provide the copy of the certificate and testing report from SIRIM, IKRAM and/or other certification bodies.
Tests report required should be those tests conducted within a year period.SAJH has the right to refuse offer or reject supply if those documents required are not enclosed.
Product Label
Sodium hypochlorite to be an effective disinfectant having broad applications. Chlorine is an extremely reactive chemical. Right after the sodium hypochlorite is added to the water, chlorine levels decline because the chlorine is reacting with inorganic and organic matter and microbes. After those reactions are complete, chlorine in water will slowly escape into the air as a gas. This is the reason that free and total chlorine levels slowly degrade over time in a covered (but not sealed) container, and also why it is recommended that the pH level of the hypochlorite solution be raised to over 11 to extend the shelf life of the solution before it is used.
